在北京翻譯公司經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到口譯翻譯，那么大家在選擇口譯翻譯人員時(shí)，是如何判斷口譯翻譯人員的優(yōu)劣的呢?判斷口譯翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)又是什么?

Interpreters are often encountered in Beijing translation companies. How do people judge the quality of interpreters when they choose interpreters? What are the criteria for judging interpreters?

自從嚴(yán)復(fù)提出了“信”、“達(dá)”、“雅”翻譯三標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之后，翻譯界盡管對(duì)“信、達(dá)、雅”的解釋各有不同，但是大部分學(xué)者對(duì)這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所持的態(tài)度是肯定的。

Since Yan Fu put forward the three translation criteria of "faithfulness", "expressiveness" and "elegance", although the interpretations of "faithfulness", "expressiveness" and "elegance" vary, most of the scholars hold a positive attitude towards these criteria.

翻譯能做到“信、達(dá)、雅”固然不錯(cuò)，問(wèn)題在于翻譯不是照相業(yè)的復(fù)制行當(dāng)，難以做到“信、達(dá)、雅”三全。基于不同文化的各族語(yǔ)言在翻譯過(guò)程中難保原汁原味原形原貌，因而“信、達(dá)、雅”只能是相對(duì)的。

The problem is that translation is not a copying business in the photographic industry, and it is difficult to achieve the "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance". It is difficult for languages of different cultures to preserve their original form in the process of translation, so "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" can only be relative.

有時(shí)“信”雖然達(dá)標(biāo)，而“達(dá)”和“雅”卻有所不達(dá)，有所不雅。于是便出現(xiàn)了“信、達(dá)、雅”三標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之主從關(guān)系的爭(zhēng)論。時(shí)至今日，爭(zhēng)論仍在延續(xù)，焦點(diǎn)無(wú)非集中在翻譯究竟應(yīng)以“直譯”還是“意譯”為本的問(wèn)題上。

Sometimes "letter" is up to standard, but "Da" and "elegance" are not satisfactory. Thus, the debate on the relationship between the principal and subordinate of the three criterion of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" emerged. Nowadays, the controversy is still going on, and the focus is no more on whether translation should be based on literal translation or free translation.

其實(shí)，“信”、“達(dá)”、“雅”作為衡量筆譯作品質(zhì)量之優(yōu)劣的三條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是一個(gè)互為依存、缺一不可的整體，片面強(qiáng)調(diào)“直譯”或“意譯”的孰主孰輔是無(wú)意義的。一篇上乘的譯文從內(nèi)容到形式都應(yīng)忠實(shí)反映原文的內(nèi)容和形式，都應(yīng)被譯文的讀者所感知和理解。

As a matter of fact, "faithfulness", "expressiveness" and "elegance" are three criteria to judge the quality of translated works. They are interdependent and indispensable. It is meaningless to unilaterally emphasize "literal translation" or "free translation". A good translation should faithfully reflect the content and form of the original text from content to form, and should be perceived and understood by the readers of the translation.

譯文的內(nèi)容、精神和風(fēng)格不可顧此失彼，應(yīng)該基本做到“信”、“達(dá)”、“雅”。任何刻意的直譯或意譯行為，單方面地求“信”、“達(dá)”、“雅”中的某條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)都不是真正意義上的翻譯，而是“改譯”或“編譯”。

The content, spirit and style of the translation should not be neglected, but should be basically "faithful", "expressive" and "elegant". Any deliberate act of literal translation or free translation, which unilaterally seeks a certain standard in "faithfulness", "expressiveness" and "elegance", is strictly not a translation in the true sense, but a "translation" or "translation".

至于口譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，套用筆譯的“信、達(dá)、雅”三原則是恰當(dāng)?shù)�。口譯不同于筆譯，口譯的“現(xiàn)時(shí)”、“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)”、“限時(shí)”的特點(diǎn)決定了口譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有別于筆譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。衡量口譯質(zhì)量的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該是“準(zhǔn)確”和“流利”。

As for the standard of interpretation, the three principles of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" are appropriate. Interpretation is different from translation. The characteristics of "present", "on-the-spot" and "time-limited" determine that the standards of interpretation are different from those of translation. The basic criteria for interpreting quality should be "accuracy" and "fluency".

首先，口譯必須“準(zhǔn)確”。不準(zhǔn)確的口譯可能是“胡譯”，可能是“篡譯”，也可能是“誤譯”，是不能容忍的。準(zhǔn)確是口譯的靈魂，是口譯的生命線。準(zhǔn)確要求譯員將原語(yǔ)這一方的信息完整無(wú)誤地傳達(dá)給目標(biāo)語(yǔ)的那一方。

First of all, interpretation must be "accurate". It is not tolerated that inaccurate interpretation may be "Hu" or "usurp" or "misinterpretation". Accuracy is the soul of interpretation and the lifeline of interpretation. It is exactly required that the interpreter convey the information of the original language to the target language completely and unmistakably.

具體說(shuō)來(lái)，口譯的準(zhǔn)確涉及口譯時(shí)的主題準(zhǔn)確、精神準(zhǔn)確、論點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)確、風(fēng)格準(zhǔn)確、詞語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)確、數(shù)字準(zhǔn)確、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、語(yǔ)速準(zhǔn)確以及口吻準(zhǔn)確等方面。歸根結(jié)底，準(zhǔn)確的譯語(yǔ)應(yīng)該同時(shí)保持原語(yǔ)的意義和風(fēng)格。準(zhǔn)確的口譯不僅是雙語(yǔ)成功交際的保障，而且也是譯員職業(yè)道德和專業(yè)水平的集中體現(xiàn)。

Specifically speaking, the accuracy of interpretation involves the accuracy of the subject, spirit, argument, style, words, figures, expression, speed and tone. In the final analysis, accurate translation should keep the meaning and style of the original language at the same time. Accurate interpretation is not only the guarantee of successful bilingual communication, but also the embodiment of professional ethics and professional level of interpreters.

準(zhǔn)確的口譯不僅體現(xiàn)了譯員對(duì)交際活動(dòng)的尊重和負(fù)責(zé)，而且也體現(xiàn)了譯員對(duì)交際雙方的尊重和負(fù)責(zé)。必須指出，我們所講的準(zhǔn)確性并非是那種機(jī)械刻板的“模壓式”口譯或“蓋章式”口譯。例如，對(duì)原語(yǔ)者明顯的口吃，不可妄加模仿。如法炮制說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)疾不是忠實(shí)翻譯，而是人身侮辱。對(duì)交際一方過(guò)快或過(guò)慢的語(yǔ)速、明顯的口誤或濃重的口音，譯員也不可模壓炮制，鸚鵡學(xué)舌般地如數(shù)傳遞給另一方。

Accurate interpretation not only reflects the interpreter's respect and responsibility for communicative activities, but also reflects the interpreter's respect and responsibility for both parties. It must be pointed out that the accuracy we are talking about is not the mechanical stereotype of "stamping" interpretation or "stamping" interpretation. For example, the stuttering of a native speaker must not be imitated. It is not a faithful translation, but a personal insult. The interpreter should not mold the speaker's accent, which is too fast or too slow for one party to communicate with, and the interpreter should not pass it on to the other side in a parrot-like manner.

“流利”是譯員必須遵循的另一大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。譯員在確保“準(zhǔn)確”口譯的前提下，應(yīng)該迅速流暢地將一方的信息傳譯給另一方。如果說(shuō)“準(zhǔn)確”也是筆譯的基本要求，那么“流利”則充分體現(xiàn)了口譯的特點(diǎn)。口譯的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)性、現(xiàn)時(shí)性、即席性、限時(shí)性、交互性等因素要求口譯過(guò)程宜短不宜長(zhǎng)，節(jié)奏宜緊不宜松�？谧g是交際工具，工具的價(jià)值在于效用和效率。

"Fluency" is another standard that an interpreter must follow. On the premise of ensuring "accurate" interpretation, the interpreter should quickly and smoothly interpret one party's information to the other. If "accuracy" is also the basic requirement of translation, then "fluency" fully reflects the characteristics of interpretation. The factors of interpreting, such as on-the-spot, present, impromptu, time-limited and interactive, require that the process of interpreting should be short or not long, and the rhythm should be tight or not loose. Interpretation is a tool for communication. The value of tools lies in utility and efficiency.

工具首先得有效用，否則就不成其為工具，但有效用而無(wú)效率(或低效率)的工具決不是好工具。那么，如何來(lái)衡量口譯的流利程度呢?口譯的流利程度包括譯員對(duì)原語(yǔ)信息的感知速度和解析速度，及其用目標(biāo)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行編碼和表達(dá)的速度。

Tools must be effective first, otherwise they will not be tools, but effective and inefficient (or inefficient) tools are never good tools. Then, how to measure the fluency of interpretation? The fluency of interpretation includes the speed of the interpreter's perception and analysis of the source language information, and the speed of encoding and expressing the target language.

通常，口譯時(shí)譯員對(duì)母語(yǔ)信息的感知速度和解析速度快于對(duì)外語(yǔ)信息的感知速度和解析速度，同時(shí)用母語(yǔ)編碼和表達(dá)的速度也快于用外語(yǔ)編碼和表達(dá)的速度。

Generally speaking, interpreters perceive and analyze mother tongue information faster than they perceive and analyze foreign language information. At the same time, the speed of encoding and expressing in mother tongue is faster than that of encoding and expressing in foreign language.

在口譯場(chǎng)合，譯員對(duì)信息的感知和解析受到“現(xiàn)時(shí)”“限刻”的制約，無(wú)法“自由自在”地調(diào)節(jié)速度，所以必須同步加工。而在編碼和表達(dá)階段，由于譯員可以自我控制速度，所以目標(biāo)語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的口譯所需要的時(shí)間相對(duì)少于目標(biāo)語(yǔ)為外語(yǔ)的口譯所需要的時(shí)間。

In interpreting situations, the interpreter's perception and analysis of information are restricted by the "present" and "limitation" and can not "freely" adjust the speed, so it must be processed synchronously. In the encoding and expression stage, because the interpreter can control his own speed, the time required for the target language to interpret is relatively less than the time required for the target language to interpret for a foreign language.

當(dāng)然，口譯的類型、內(nèi)容、場(chǎng)合、對(duì)象、風(fēng)格等因素都會(huì)對(duì)口譯的速度產(chǎn)生影響，用同一把尺子來(lái)衡量不同類別的口譯是不合理的。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，我們可以依據(jù)譯員所用的口譯時(shí)間是否同發(fā)言者的講話時(shí)間大體相等來(lái)衡量口譯是否屬于流利。以兩倍于原語(yǔ)發(fā)言者的講話時(shí)間進(jìn)行口譯者顯然不能被視為流利。

Of course, the type, content, occasion, object and style of interpretation will affect the speed of interpretation. It is unreasonable to use the same ruler to measure different types of interpretation. Generally speaking, we can judge whether an interpreter is fluent according to whether he or she spends the same time as the speaker. Interpreters who are two times the speech time of the speakers of the original language can not be regarded as fluently.

以上介紹的就是北京翻譯公司對(duì)口譯

The above is the interpretation of Beijing translation company.