Unlike Chinese, there are many ways to translate a sentence in English, but we need to pay attention to how to choose the style, do not understand the friends to see how the Chinese translation company introduced it.

首先，凡是一個篇章，就會遇到文體的問題，就是我們必須明確我們所要譯的文章是文學(xué)作品還是科學(xué)、法律方面的文章，是一篇簡介性的文字還是一篇講演詞。

First of all, every text will encounter stylistic problems, that is, we must be clear whether we want to translate literary works or scientific, legal articles, a brief text or a speech.

因為不同文體的文章在表現(xiàn)形式上是很不一樣的，如法律文體有一些法律常用詞語，科技也會各自有一些專門術(shù)語，應(yīng)用文有時有嚴格的格式要求，文學(xué)則更為復(fù)雜，因為其中對話，描述，心理描寫，景物或人物描寫又各有不同。議論文句式嚴謹，語言正式，長句較多，等等，這在遣詞用句上都有差異。

Because articles of different styles have different forms of expression, for example, legal style has some common legal terms, science and technology also have some special terms, practical writing sometimes has strict format requirements, literature is more complex, because there are different dialogues, descriptions, psychological descriptions, scenery or character descriptions. Same. Argumentative sentences are rigorous, formal, long sentences, and so on, which are different in diction.

其次是語域問題。 所謂“語域”(register)是指具有某種具體用途的語言變體，我們可以從交際領(lǐng)域、交際方式和交際關(guān)系把語言分成不同的語域，如從交際雙方的社會地位和社會關(guān)系來說，英語可以分為冷漠體，正式體，商量體，隨便體，親密體等五種，如果從交際領(lǐng)域來分又可以分成正式體，半正式體，公共核心體，半非正式體，非正式體等。

Next is register problem. Register refers to a variety of languages with specific uses. We can divide the language into different registers according to the field of communication, the mode of communication and the relationship between the two parties. For example, English can be divided into indifference, formality, negotiation, casual and intimate. Five, if divided from the field of communication can be divided into formal, semi-formal, public core, semi-informal, informal and so on.

不同的語域語言變體彼此是有區(qū)別的，如果用幾個簡單的例子來說明一下就會看得很清楚。如“湯姆病了，今天沒去上學(xué)”， 如果說Tom didn‘t go to school, because he was ill.這就是一句公共核心語，而如果說Tom was ill ,so he didn‘t go to school.這就是口語體，即非正式語體，如果說：Being ill ,Tom didn‘t go to school或Tom didn‘t go to school because of illness.都是正式語體(當(dāng)然這句話的內(nèi)容用這種句式表達并不合適)。從中我們可以看到用原因從句的表達方式是比較正常的，用so連接的句子顯得不怎么正式，用抽象名詞和分詞短語的形式都顯得十分正式。

Different register variants differ from each other, and can be seen clearly by a few simple examples. If Tom is ill, he is not going to school today, it is a common core language, but if Tom is ill, so he has not't go to school. School because of illness. is a formal language (of course, the content of this sentence is not appropriate to express in this sentence). From this we can see that the expression of reason clause is quite normal, the sentences connected by so are not very formal, and the forms of abstract nouns and participle phrases are very formal.

另外有些表示相同意思的不同表示形式也有語域方面的區(qū)別。如according to和in accord with,前者為公共核心語，而后者為正式用語，It is important 和It is of importance相比，也是前者為公共核心語，而后者為正式體。甚至連冠詞的用法都可以表示這種區(qū)別，The horse is a useful animal; A horse is a useful animal; Horses are useful animals。第一種用定冠詞加單數(shù)名詞表示類屬的是正式用法，而用不定冠詞加單數(shù)名詞表示類屬的則為公共核心語，最后一種，復(fù)數(shù)泛指的類屬表示法則為非正式語體。

In addition, there are some differences in register between different expressions that mean the same meaning. For example, according to and in accord with, the former is the public core language, while the latter is the official language. Compared with it is important and it is of importance, the former is the public core language, while the latter is the formal language. Even the use of articles can indicate this distinction, The horse is a useful animal; A horse is a useful animal; Horses are useful animals. The first is the formal use of definite articles plus singular nouns, the other is the public core, and the last is the informal style.

所以，我們在接觸一個篇章時，弄清它的語域情況是十分重要的。因為這將決定我們在翻譯時如何選片語句，例如，我們看到下面一個句子：After an hour of climbing, we finally found ourself at Zhurong Peak, the very apex of Mt, Hengshan, towering 1,296m above the sea level.我們可以從after??climbing這種動名詞用法看出比較正式，它不是用短句表示(After we had climbed for an hour)，如用短句則顯得更為常見的公共核心語體，另外，apex，頂峰，巔峰，與之同義的詞還有summit, top等詞，但apex更為典雅，正式程度高于summit，更高于top.再有towering這一分詞的使用，也說明其正式性，不是用短句(it towers 1,296m above sea level)。

Therefore, when we are in touch with a chapter, it is very important to find out its register. Because this will determine how we choose the phrase to translate. For example, we see the following sentence: After an hour of climbing, we finally found our own at Zhurong Peak, the very apex of Mt, Hengshan, towering 1,296m above the sea level. Formally, it is not used as a short sentence for an hour, but as a short sentence, it is more common in the public core style. In addition, apex, peak, peak, and its synonyms also have the words summit, top and so on, but apex is more elegant, more formal than summit, higher than top. It also explains its formality, not it towers 1296m above sea level.

那么，我們在翻譯這句時則用比較正式的語言，如可譯為：“一小時后，我們終于登上高達海拔1296公尺的衡山之巔祝融峰。”而不譯作：“我們爬了一個鐘頭，終于到了祝融峰的山頂，它是衡山的最高峰，有1296公尺”。

Then, we translate this sentence in more formal language, such as can be translated as: "an hour later, we finally climbed the mountain as high as 1296 meters above sea level Zhurong peak." We climbed for an hour and finally reached the top of Zhurong Mountain, which is the highest peak of Hengshan Mountain with 1296 meters.

一般情況，法律、科技、報道，講演詞，政論文等都比較正式，而小說中文體，語域最復(fù)雜，要視情況而定，不可一概而論。關(guān)于這方面的更多內(nèi)容可以參閱一些關(guān)于文體學(xué)，語義學(xué)等方面的書。如果想在網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)的話，最好找一些原版英語網(wǎng)站。

Generally speaking, laws, science and technology, reports, speeches, political papers and so on are more formal, while the style of the novel, the register is the most complex, depending on the situation, can not be generalized. More information on this aspect can be found in some books on stylistics, semantics and so on. If you want to study online, you'd better find some original English websites.

最后，談一下語篇的銜接和連貫問題。信息的傳遞一般都遵循由已知信息引導(dǎo)出未知信息的，表示已知信息(舊信息)的部分叫主位，(theme)表示未知信息的部分叫述位，(theme)而主述位的不斷推進是有一定規(guī)律的，如果破壞了這種規(guī)律，語言就不那么順，也就是破壞了銜接與連貫。

Finally, we talk about cohesion and coherence. The transmission of information generally follows the rule that the unknown information is led by the known information, and the part that represents the known information is called theme, while the continuous advance of theme and rheme has certain regularity. If this regularity is broken, the language is not so smooth, that is to say, it is destroyed. Cohesion and coherence.

例如： At noon, we picnicked in a dense forest, through which ran a murmuring creek. The water was so clear that we could see reflections of bamboos and trees and soft lazy clouds drifting across the sky. 我們可以看出原文從時間(中午)引導(dǎo)出一系列新的信息，其中上文提到的那一天，在此說“中午”這一時間時可視為已知信息。在新信息中提到了密林中的野炊，林中有小溪，而第二句話用“溪水”來引導(dǎo)，因第一句中提到小溪，故在第二句中“溪水”當(dāng)然已成已知信息了，它又引出

For example: At noon, we picnicked in a dense forest, through which ran a murmuring creek. The water was so clear that we could see reflections of bamboos and trees and soft lazy clouds drifting across the sky. On that day, it is said that "noon" at this time can be regarded as known information. The new message refers to picnics in dense forests, where there are streams, and the second sentence is guided by "streams." Because the first sentence refers to streams, the "streams" in the second sentence of course have become known information, and it leads to